Threat actor
Gamaredon Group
Last fetched
Gamaredon Group is a threat actor tracked in WhisperGraph's MITRE ATT&CK corpus, observed using 70 techniques and also known as 16 other names.
Also known as
ACTINIUM, DEV-0157, Blue Otso, BlueAlpha, G0047, IRON TILDEN, PRIMITIVE BEAR, Shuckworm, Trident Ursa, UAC-0010, Winterflounder, Aqua Blizzard, Actinium, Primitive Bear, Armageddon, NastyShrew
Description
[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) is a suspected Russian cyber espionage group that has targeted military, law enforcement, judiciary, non-profit, and non-governmental organizations in Ukraine since at least 2013. The name [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) derives from a misspelling of the word "Armageddon," found in early campaigns.(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)(Citation: TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020)(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)(Citation: Symantec Shuckworm January 2022)(Citation: Microsoft Actinium February 2022) In November 2021, the Ukrainian government publicly attributed [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) to Russia’s Federal Security Service (FSB) Center 18, an assessment later supported by multiple independent cybersecurity researchers. (Citation: Bleepingcomputer Gamardeon FSB November 2021)(Citation: Microsoft Actinium February 2022)
Techniques by tactic
Command and Control
- T1001 · Data Obfuscation
- T1071.001 · Web Protocols
- T1090 · Proxy
- T1090.003 · Multi-hop Proxy
- T1095 · Non-Application Layer Protocol
- T1102 · Web Service
- T1102.002 · Bidirectional Communication
- T1102.003 · One-Way Communication
- T1105 · Ingress Tool Transfer
- T1568 · Dynamic Resolution
- T1568.001 · Fast Flux DNS
- T1571 · Non-Standard Port
Stealth
- T1027 · Obfuscated Files or Information
- T1027.004 · Compile After Delivery
- T1027.010 · Command Obfuscation
- T1027.012 · LNK Icon Smuggling
- T1027.015 · Compression
- T1027.016 · Junk Code Insertion
- T1036.005 · Match Legitimate Resource Name or Location
- T1055 · Process Injection
- T1070.004 · File Deletion
- T1140 · Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information
- T1218.005 · Mshta
- T1218.011 · Rundll32
- T1221 · Template Injection
- T1480 · Execution Guardrails
- T1497.001 · System Checks
- T1564.003 · Hidden Window
- T1620 · Reflective Code Loading
Attributed infrastructure
None published. WhisperGraph carries no ATTRIBUTED_TO edge to Gamaredon Group today — this states the absence of a published link, not that Gamaredon Group has no infrastructure.
References
- http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution
- https://www.lookingglasscyber.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Operation_Armageddon_Final.pdf
- https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution
- https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047
- https://github.com/StrangerealIntel/CyberThreatIntel/tree/master/Russia/APT/Gamaredon
- https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf
- https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/18/digging-up-invisimole-hidden-arsenal
- https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-gamaredon-espionage-ukraine
- https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/02/04/actinium-targets-ukrainian-organizations
- https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game
- https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/gamaredon-primitive-bear-ukraine-update-2021
- https://go.recordedfuture.com/hubfs/reports/cta-2019-1212.pdf
- https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/atoms/tridentursa
- https://cert.gov.ua/article/1229152
- https://cert.gov.ua/article/971405
- https://cert.gov.ua/article/40240
- https://cert.gov.ua/article/39386
- https://cert.gov.ua/article/39086
- https://cert.gov.ua/article/39138
- https://cert.gov.ua/article/18365
- https://www.bsi.bund.de/DE/Themen/Unternehmen-und-Organisationen/Cyber-Sicherheitslage/Analysen-und-Prognosen/Threat-Intelligence/Aktive_APT-Gruppen/aktive-apt-gruppen_node.html
- https://blog.cloudflare.com/2026-threat-report/
- https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/
- https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/
- https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/
- https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/intelligence/microsoft-threat-actor-naming?view=o365-worldwide
- https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/02/04/actinium-targets-ukrainian-organizations/
- https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-tilden
- https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/ukraine-links-members-of-gamaredon-hacker-group-to-russian-fsb/
- https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/gamaredon-primitive-bear-ukraine-update-2021/
© The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation.
Related pages
Pivot from Gamaredon Group into its techniques, tactics and any attributed infrastructure.
Queries
Resolves the slug to this actor, merging every duplicate node sharing the same name.
MATCH (a:ACTOR)
WHERE a.name =~ $pattern OR any(x IN a.aliases WHERE x =~ $pattern)
RETURN a.id AS id, a.name AS name, a.aliases AS aliases, a.description AS description,
a.references AS references, a.campaigns AS campaigns
LIMIT 25Run yourself →Techniques this actor uses, grouped by the tactic each one serves.
MATCH (a:ACTOR {name: $name})-[:USES_TECHNIQUE]->(t:ATTACK_PATTERN)
OPTIONAL MATCH (t)-[:USES_TACTIC]->(tac:ATTACK_PATTERN)
RETURN t.id AS techniqueId, t.name AS techniqueName, tac.id AS tacticId, tac.name AS tacticName
LIMIT 1000Run yourself →Infrastructure publicly attributed to this actor.
MATCH (n)-[:ATTRIBUTED_TO]->(a:ACTOR {name: $name})
RETURN labels(n)[0] AS kind, n.name AS name
LIMIT 25Run yourself →Or query Whisper from your own LLM workflow via the Whisper MCP server.